-
Research Article
Harmony in Dispute: The Role of Anywaa's Traditional Institutions in Conflict Resolution
Beyene Hameretibeb*
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
68-73
Received:
18 June 2024
Accepted:
11 July 2024
Published:
15 August 2024
Abstract: This paper explores the traditional institutions and conflict resolution mechanisms among the Anywaa community, shedding light on their intricate structures and practices. The Anywaa people, located in Ethiopia and South Sudan, have developed indigenous governance systems centered on institutions such as Nyieya (nobleship), Kwaaro (headmanship), and the spiritual leadership of Nyibur, along with family councils. These institutions play vital roles in maintaining social order and resolving conflicts within the community. The study elucidates the processes of conflict resolution, involving mediation by various officials and councils within the traditional governance system. Whether dealing with inter-village disputes, intra-village conflicts, or homicide cases, the Anywaa employ a combination of customary practices and indigenous knowledge to address conflicts effectively. The involvement of neutral parties underscores the community's commitment to fair and just resolution processes. Furthermore, the research highlights the significance of compensation and purification rituals in restoring harmony and reconciliation within the community. Through restitution and traditional ceremonies, the Anywaa aim to mend relationships and reintegrate offenders back into society, emphasizing the importance of forgiveness and community cohesion. Overall, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of indigenous governance systems and their relevance in contemporary society. By documenting the intricate workings of traditional institutions and conflict resolution practices among the Anywaa people, the research underscores the importance of preserving and respecting indigenous knowledge for sustainable peace and social cohesion in diverse cultural contexts.
Abstract: This paper explores the traditional institutions and conflict resolution mechanisms among the Anywaa community, shedding light on their intricate structures and practices. The Anywaa people, located in Ethiopia and South Sudan, have developed indigenous governance systems centered on institutions such as Nyieya (nobleship), Kwaaro (headmanship), an...
Show More
-
Research Article
Midwives’ Knowledge, Perceptions and Practices on Utilization of the Partograph at Mbuya Nehanda Maternity Hospital
Esther Hazvinei Mutema,
Maxwell Mhlanga*
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
74-90
Received:
1 August 2024
Accepted:
21 August 2024
Published:
30 August 2024
Abstract: Globally, maternal death has been an issue of concern, while obstructed and prolonged labour are among the top five causes of these deaths in Africa and Zimbabwe particularly. Proper and effective utilization of the Partograph significantly helps in preventing and reducing the high numbers of birthing complications of such a nature. A Partograph is a labour monitoring chart that provides a pictorial overview of maternal and foetal well-being during the intrapartum period. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices on the utilization of the Partograph among midwives working at Mbuya Nehanda Maternity Hospital. A descriptive cross sectional design was used, and a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 60 participants chosen using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) and presented using charts, tables, and narration. The study identified that midwives were knowledgeable, although they had a negative attitude towards the Partograph attributed by a lack of motivation caused by the absence of support from mentors and supervisors, lack of workshops, and on-the-job training on the use of the graphical chart. Underutilization of the tool, which pointed to poor practice, was attributed to understaffing of midwives, high workload, and burnout syndrome among the labour ward midwives. These implications could lead to omissions, litigations, poor maternal service delivery, and lawsuits. Periodic workshops, symposiums, on-the-job training would go a long way in improving attitudes. The study concluded that the Partograph is a very important tool that should be effectively used in the labour ward so that complications are picked up early, thereby improving maternal outcomes. Support for the midwives, supervision, mentorship, non-monetary incentives, and increased staffing with an acceptable midwife-patient ratio of probably 1:2 would improve practice and yield a positive birthing outcome of a live and healthy mother and baby.
Abstract: Globally, maternal death has been an issue of concern, while obstructed and prolonged labour are among the top five causes of these deaths in Africa and Zimbabwe particularly. Proper and effective utilization of the Partograph significantly helps in preventing and reducing the high numbers of birthing complications of such a nature. A Partograph is...
Show More
-
Research Article
Mapping and Localization of Autonomous Mobile Robots in Simulated Indoor Environments
Tsegaye Alemu Tola,
Jing Mi*,
Yan qiu Che
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
91-100
Received:
1 March 2024
Accepted:
4 September 2024
Published:
23 September 2024
Abstract: Autonomously making a map, localizing within it, and planning with it are fundamental problems in mobile robotics. Every autonomous mobile robot system must include a solution to all three problems. These three problems are interconnected, with simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) being a well-known issue. However, there is indeed a growing and developing realization in the research field that path planning how a robot goes about mapping and finding an environment (and then operating in the environment such as starting to the destination point) can avoid degenerate conditions and greatly reduce SLAM complexity. In this paper, the implementation of an autonomous mobile robot system for indoor environments using open-source ROS packages and a combination of cartography algorithm and adaptive Monte Carlo localization (AMCL) algorithms has been implemented. The system addresses the challenge of developing three components such as mapping, localization, and path planning systems for indoor autonomous mobile robots. The mapping module creates a global map using the cartography ROS package and SLAM algorithm. The localization module estimates the robot's pose using the AMCL approach. The planning module generates collision-free trajectories and control commands using the moving base ROS package. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach and its valuable contribution to the robotics field. The cartography algorithm mapping algorithm generates accurate and reliable maps, while the localization algorithm successfully determines the robot's position with good performance. Additionally, the path planning algorithm effectively avoids both static and dynamic obstacles, ensuring smooth navigation in the environment.
Abstract: Autonomously making a map, localizing within it, and planning with it are fundamental problems in mobile robotics. Every autonomous mobile robot system must include a solution to all three problems. These three problems are interconnected, with simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) being a well-known issue. However, there is indeed a growing...
Show More
-
Research Article
Factors Influencing Farmers’ Adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices in the Case of Ilu Aba Bora Zone, South West Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
101-111
Received:
8 August 2024
Accepted:
9 September 2024
Published:
29 September 2024
Abstract: To overcome the challenges of climate change, this study was intended to identify factors that affect the farmers’ adoption of CSA in the Ilu Aba Bora Zone of Southwest Ethiopia across varying agro-ecological zones. A mixed research design was used for this study. During this study, representative districts (Bure, Hurumu, and Nono Sale) were selected purposely based on their differences in agro-ecology, while rural kebeles and respondents were selected randomly from the districts to minimize the biases of the data. Data collection tools employed were a questionnaire, KKI, FGD, and field observations. A binomial logistic regression model was used to identify the interaction of response and explanatory variables and to draw a conclusion. The findings of this study revealed the majority (63.1%) of farmers did not have an understanding of the meaning, function, and goals of CSA practices. Existing CSA options in the study area were conservation agriculture, crop diversification, agro-forestry, early warning system, livelihood diversification, and improved livestock feed, which were practiced at different levels and by a few households. In particular, the early warning system and improved livestock feed were the least implemented CSA options, whereas livelihood diversification, conservation agriculture, and agro-forestry were the highly adopted practices in the area. Independent variables including on-farm income, farming experience, weather information, agro-ecology, farm land size, age, extension service, marital status, and off-farm income were the factors significantly affecting the adoption of CSA practices in the study area. Experts, governments, and nongovernmental organizations should improve farmers’ awareness of the benefits of CSA practices in ensuring food security, climate mitigation and adaptation through training and capacity building. The result of this study will show the direction for farmers, policy makers, planners, and other stakeholders to set up a solution in order to promote CSA practices and technologies based on agro-ecology.
Abstract: To overcome the challenges of climate change, this study was intended to identify factors that affect the farmers’ adoption of CSA in the Ilu Aba Bora Zone of Southwest Ethiopia across varying agro-ecological zones. A mixed research design was used for this study. During this study, representative districts (Bure, Hurumu, and Nono Sale) were select...
Show More
